The Legend of The Tuatha De Danann

 Author: Dalton Riddick

The Tuatha De Danann are the most important figures in Irish mythology. They originally descended from the skies on clouds and inhabited Ireland. Time passes and eventually humans reach Ireland and fight the Tuatha De Danann. Humans claimed victory and the Tuatha De Danann became fairies to influence Irish folklore for good or for bad. The Tuatha De Danann are an example of the people that lived before trying to explain supernatural creatures.

The main figures of the Tuatha De Danann were Dagda, Brigid, Lugh and Morrigan. Dagda, often known as the “Good God,” is a character of duality. He is the largest of the Tuatha De Danann but wields a club that can kill and revive anything it touches. Brigid is known for fertility and flames associated with a forge. Lugh is craftsman and warrior. He is mainly associated with all of the victories that the Tuatha De Danann have won. and lastly Morrigan is usually represented as a crow typically on a battleground. They usually shape the outcome of conflicts and bring about death.

The idea of the Tuatha De Danann still hold relevance in modern day Ireland. For example there are multiple festivals held year round that some of the Tuatha De Danann are directly associated with. Lughnasadh is a festival that has been recorded to have been celebrated throughout Ireland, Scotland, and even the Isle of Man. The festival is typically held around August first and is held for the Tuatha De Danann, Lugh. 

Athletic events, feasting, and even trading were held during this festival. Lughnasadh isn’t particularly held anymore but some events like the “Puck Fair” share the same activities as Lughnasadh. Imbolc is another Irish festival that was celebrated throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. Imbolc was celebrated because the Tuatha De Danann, Brigid. In Christian records Saint Brigid would do everything the Tuatha De Danann Brigid would do. How Imbolc would be celebrated was the night before everyone would weave a Brigids Cross and hang it on their door. It was said that Brigid or Saint Brigid would visit your home and protect it from disease, fire, and even evil fairies trying to invade your home. The tradition has of Imbolc has died but is considered a religious or a cultural holiday.

Even if the Tuatha De Danann don’t hold as much cultural signifigance as they once did they are still historically important from how much the communities of paegans benefited from the organized events. Though we may not be able to say that Lugh brought about the season of Autumn the paegan people of Ireland had a grasp on the events that happened with the Tuatha De Danann.

Works Cited:

“The Mythological Cycle: The Tuatha Dé Danann and the Origins of Ireland.” Irish History, The Mythological Cycle: The Tuatha Dé Danann and the Origins of Ireland -IrishHistory.com.

Sullivan, Kerry. “Tuatha De Danann, The Enchanting Predecessors of Irish Fairies and Elves.” Ancient Origins, 20 July 2019, Tuatha Dé Dannan, the Enchanting Predecessors of Irish Fairies and Elves | Ancient Origins. 

“Who Are The Tuatha De Danann? Demystifying The ‘God-Folk’ of Irish Mythology.” Irish Myths, 15 November 2023, Who Are the Tuatha Dé Danann? Demystifying the “God-Folk” of Irish Mythology - IrishMyths.

Seal-Skinned Mermaids Ameliorate the Seas!

 Author: Nessquickian

Imagine swimming along the coast of Scotland. While swimming you come across a beautiful woman. To the unsuspecting, she comes off as an average woman. However, in the blink of an eye, you see the maiden pull on a seal skin and dive into the sea. The beautiful woman before you has become a seal and disappeared without a trace. On the coast of Great Britain and The British Isles, these shape-shifting sea maidens called selkies supposedly ameliorate the seas. 

Selkies or Selchies are mythologically half fish, half human creatures. They are also types of fae that tend to have water elemental powers. When in the water with the help of seal skins they can shape-shift into seals. They can be found in Scotland, Ireland, and Iceland, and more often than not rural coastal areas. Mythology or History of Selkies

Historically the origins of selkies are unknown. However, their origins seem to be from contact made between the Scottish, the Irish, and the Sami and or Finnish people. Selkies aren’t known particularly for being dangerous, however, certain stories involve selkies luring their love into the sea as a way to be with them. In most cases, selkies are noted as helpful creatures. They’re often found helping sailors and drowning victims while also being kind to those around them.

Tales of these mysterious creatures are commonplace amongst natives and have endured for ages. One of the most well-known stories of selkies is known as The Selkie Wife. The story of the selkie wife follows a man who under the moonlight spots a group of dancing selkies. One Selkie catches his eye, and he takes her skin to stop her from leaving. Unable to return home the selkie maiden follows her manipulator home and eventually they be-wed and have kids. The maiden was forced to stay against her will and despite loving her kids and some semblance of her life she still craved the sea. One day her son came to her with her seal skin, and she was ecstatic. Now reunited with her seal skin the selkie didn't waste any time returning to the sea. As a result, she was never seen again.

On the opposite end of the Selkie spectrum are the forgotten Selkie men. Unlike Selkie women, Selkie men tend to have prosperous lives and aren’t usually forced to forgo their lives in the sea. One of the most well-known stories of Selkie men is called the Selkie and the Hunter. who takes pride in killing seals for profit. Early in the day, the hunter wounds an unsuspecting seal and heads in. Later, the seal catcher is commissioned by a rider and is taken to a grove of seals. Instead of being able to kill the seals, the hunter is pushed underwater and turned into a seal. Distraught after being turned into a seal, he’s met by the selkie relatives of the seal he harmed earlier. He’s brought to the seal he harmed earlier and is made to heal him in order to turn back into a human. As a reward for healing the seal or rather selkie he’s allowed to go home and is given gold as well.

Works cited:

1. Graeme “Traditional Scottish Selkie Stories” Scotland’s Stories. June 2022. https://scotlands-stories.com/traditional-scottish-selkie-stories/ Accessed 3 November 2024

2. lizzbythesea “Selkies – The Forgotten Seal-Men” staring-at-the-sea October 2020. https://staring-at-the-sea.com/2020/10/30/selkies-forgotten-seal-men/ Accessed 3 November 2024

3. Rainbolt, Dawn “Irish Folklore, Myth & Legend: Selkies of Ireland” Wilderness Ireland. March 2022. https://www.wildernessireland.com/blog/irish-myths-legends-part-4-selkies/. Accessed 3 November 2024.

4. todayinmagicalgirlhistory “The Magical Girl Guide to: Selkies” Tumblr. April 2022. https://todayinmagicalgirlhistory.tumblr.com/post/682970547205832704/the-magical-girl-guideto-selkies. Accessed 3 November 2024.

5. Peuffier, Aube “All the gifs about selkies” Tumblr. December 2014. https://64.media.tumblr.com/94db157235d0794b1bfd508467f6ad3d/tumblr_nhbhk2ahcx1rmiepwo4_1280.gifv. Accessed 3 November 2024.

6. “The Story Of The Selkie Wife | Shetland Folktales | BBC The Social ” Youtube. Uploaded by BBC The Social. July 2021. https://youtu.be/0fE11rw0s8w?feature=shared. Accessed 3 November 2024

7. “Scotland’s Stories: Story of a Selkie - Tom Muir“ Youtube. Uploaded by Scottish Storytelling Centre. May 2017. https://youtu.be/JugM395E0TE?feature=shared. Accessed 3 November 2024 

Links for further research

1. Celtic Myths - The Selkies: Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vA3Mv-LIJ38 Youtuber Count Dankula goes into detail about selkies and talks about selkies. He talks about Female selkie stories and male selkie stories.

2. Living Liminally – Fairy facts |Selkies: Blog Spot https://lairbhan.blogspot.com/2024/04/fairyfacts-selkies.html This blog that seems to have lot’s of other articles about other types of fairiesgoes into detail about selkie misconceptions, folklore and other selkie facts.

3. Selkies, Sex, and the Supernatural: Thebottleimp https://www.thebottleimp.org.uk/2016/12/selkies-sex-and-the-supernatural/ This article is about the sexuality and other aspects of selkie culture.

The Infamous Irish Wailing Banshees

 by Me’Doña Summers

Shhh…Did you hear that?

Anyways, have you ever heard of the saying “screaming like a banshee”? Well, if you haven’t, the saying is usually used when someone is screeching or yelling loudly; that’s what banshees do. It might help to know what Banshees are. Banshees are spirits in Irish folklore that appear when a family  member is about to die. They alert others in the family with wailing and clapping, not scary at all. They are typically women who wear white or grey cloaks and look like they are suffering a terrible loss. She can vary from an old woman to a young, beautiful spirit.

Waiting and Wailing Banshees

In Irish or traditional Gaelic language, the original translation for banshee is “Bean sí” meaning fairy spirit. Different fairies have different special powers. Banshees are fairies, just very…intimidating. “Bean Sidhe” meaning woman of death. Many believe banshees originated from Keeners. Keening is a part of the Irish death ritual. Keeners are women who wail and sing to help guide spirits to the otherss ide. They normally sing and wail at funerals. Keeners do it to help bring comfort to the mourning family.

Some of the earliest encounters date back to the late 1800s after the great famine that ended in 1852. Back then, people were dying because of disease and starvation. There were a large number of deaths, so the sound of a wailing woman was not uncommon. According to an article blog post by Eileen Moylan, Banshees are seen and heard typically by the old Irish families or ancient Gaelic nobility, such as O’Connors and O’ Neills, etc. Basically any last names that begin with O, Mc, or Mac. Eileen Moylan is an Irish native jeweler, who makes authentic Irish historical jewelry for Irish natives. One of her clients stated in the blog post, spoke about their encounter with a Banshee, guess what their last name was, O’Connor. 

 

White Barn Owl

In some of the sources, stories like those listed in the previous article were dismissed because the natives back then agreed to disagree. A lot of the stories are similar in ways like the rattling in bushes or the timing in the screams. Some people were starting to think that animals were making the noise, a common animal that makes a similar screeching noise are the barn owls native to central and southern Ireland. 

It could be a Banshee, or it could be a Barn owl. If you heard this SOUND,
what would you think?

Works Cited: 

“Barn Owl” BirdWatch Ireland, 2019, https://birdwatchireland.ie/birds/barn-owl/.
Crocker, Thomas Crofton “Bunworth Banshee.” Photograph. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia
Foundation, 1825. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.

Moylan, Eileen. “Ireland’s Best Known Spirit- The Banshee” Claddagh Design, 12 Mar. 2018,
https://www.claddaghdesign.com/history/irelands-best-known-spirit-the-banshee/.
 

Prowse, R. “The Banshee Appears” Photograph. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation, 1
Sept. 1862. Web. 23 Oct. 2021.
 

Ruxton, Dean. “Ireland’s banshee: a delusion of peasants or a spirit with a mournful wail?” The
Irish Times. 5 May 2019. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/offbeat/ireland-s-banshee-a-
delusion-of-peasants-or-a-spirit-with-a-mournful-wail-1.3881517
 

Wilson, Alan D. “Barn Owl (Alberta).” Photograph. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia
Foundation, 18 June 2020. Web. 25 Oct. 2021

Links for Further Research:

“Banshee.” Wikipedia, 28 Oct. 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banshee. Accessed 20 Oct.
2021. This Wiki page gives a good starting point to further the banshee research.

Plumb, Harold. Often asked: Banshee Indian tribe,
https://www.mundomayafoundation.org/interesting/often-asked-banshee-indian-tribe.html.
Accessed 25 Oct. 2021. This source is a good example on how the banshee mythology
influences and changes other cultures.

Zarka, Emily. “Banshee: Ireland’s Screaming Harbinger of Death” Monstrum. YouTube, 25 Sept.
2019, https://youtu.be/r1c-ah112UM. This YouTube video has a lot of information on
Banshees. It provided more information that could not be obtain with internet research.
alone It is also entertaining to watch.

The Giant’s Causeway

Kali Wiggins


“Giant’s Causeway, Ireland,” by Jeff Mauritzen, National Geographic


The Giants Causeway is a stunning geological phenomenon located on the northern coast of Ireland. Tourist travel from all over the world and visit this extraordinary site to personally witness the breathtaking view of the causeway,and better understand the reasoning behind the famous legend about the giant who supposedly created it. Richard Pococke, who was well-known in Ireland for his documentaries about natural locations, personally visited the Giant’s Causeway and observed that it consists of tens of thousands of vertical and geometrical shaped basalt columns ranging in height and width.In one of his letters, Pococke recorded that the pillars have anywhere from three to eight sides, and they could range from one to two feet in diameter.

Like any unusual story, there is a logical and scientific reason behind the formation of the Giant’s Causeway. Since 1986 the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has considered the Giant’s Causeway to be a part of the World Heritage List. They credit the causeway as an important geological site,which over the last three hundred years of scientific studieshas led to a better understanding of basaltic volcanism. It is now understood that the causeway was formed fifty to sixty million years ago as a result of volcanic activity. Scientists now know the lava formed from the volcanic eruption solidified and contracted unevenly causing the many interlocked, geometrical pillars(Martin).


“Giant’s Boot,” by Sean McClean



Tourists find the causeway so astounding because the structural composition of the interlocked columns makes it seem as if it was man made; therefore several versions of the famous Irish legend about the giant named Finn McCool have arisen to compensate for people’s disbelief. Many of the stone structures have become linked to the legend because they resemble human items. For instance, “the giant’s boot” is a humongous stone that strongly resembles a boot, which compels people to associate it to the legend of Finn McCool and the Giant’s Causeway. (Martin)

Chelsea Martin, who is the author of many articles on Fairyroom.com, wrote an article about the Giant’s Causeway that describes a popular version of the Irish legend. Finn McCool, an Irish giant, grew tired of the ongoing rivalry between himself and a Scottish giant named Benandonner. He built the causeway in order to cross the sea, confront his enemy face to face, and put an end to the conflict.  However Finn’s plan did not go accordingly because he greatly underestimated the size of the Scottish giant. He panicked when he realized he could not compete with Benandonner. Thankfully for Finn, he had a clever wife who disguised him as the couple’s baby before Benandonner showed up. Once the giant arrived and saw the “baby”, he became terrified as he contemplated how giant Finn must be if his child was already so huge. This version says that the Scottish giant destroyed the causeway as he fled back to his home, to ensure Finn could not follow him.

Although some might not believe the legend of Finn McCool, the Giant’s Causeway itself is an incredibly unique formation that unites people from all over the world that are interested in its beauty. The ancient Irish legend of Finn McCool only adds more of an attraction to the world heritage site, inviting people who have an imaginative mind to visit this rare formation and better understand how the Irish legend began.

Works Cited:
Martin, Chelsea. “Mystic Places: The Giant’s Causeway and the Legend of Finn MacCool.” Fairyroom.com. Fairy Room. 15 Oct. 2012. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.

Mauritzen, Jeff. “Giant’s Causeway, Ireland.” Photograph. National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 5 Sept. 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.

McClean, Sean. “Giant’s Boot.” Photograph. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Dec. 2004. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.

Pococke, Richard. “An Account of the Giant’s Causeway in Ireland, in a Letter to the President from the Rev.  Richard Pococke, LL. D Archdeacon of Dublin, and F. R. S.” Philosophical Transactions. 45 (1748): 124-127. JSTOR.Web. 8 Oct. 2015.

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast.” UNESCO. (1992-2015) Web. 7 Oct. 2015.

Links for Further Research:
YouTube: Giant’s Causeway, North Ireland by George Pollenhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTEBxxJ6MUw
This website contains information on the structure of the causeway and its legend.

World Heritage Site- For World Heritage Travellershttp://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/giantscauseway.html
This website contains information on the geological formation of the causeway for tourists interested in visiting this world heritage site.

The Giant’s Causewayhttp://www.geographia.com/northern-ireland/ukiant01.htm
This website contains another version of the legend and tells the history of the causeway’s first documented account.

Giant’s Causeway

Author: Zack Eller

The Giant’s Causeway is a geological wonder located in northeastern Ireland. According to experts from the Northern Ireland Guide, it is made from volcanic activity between 50 and 60 million years ago, during the tertiary period,  that later cooled and cracked (McGarry). The Giant’s Causeway is on the northeastern coast of Ireland that borders the Atlantic Ocean. At one time the area was believed to be a mound shape, but the water from the ocean got between some of the cooled lava making the pillars. After time the water from the ocean and the naturally occurring ocean breeze eroded the areas between the pillars even more, making the crevices between the pillars wider and deeper.

There are roughly 40,000 pillars, some of which can reach up to 39 feet in height. For the most part, they are hexagonal shaped, but some have as few as four sides and as many as eight sides. There is no answer to the question of why and how all of the pillars are between four and eight sided, and how none of them are connected (McGarry). All that is known is that there are many columns that make for a great tourist attraction as well as many stories that can be thought of about the origin of this masterpiece made by Mother Nature.

All of the columns are made of Basalt. According to the Stone Store, experts on rock formation and different kinds of stone, Basalt is made from cooled lava that is tens of millions of years old. The color originally starts as black, but after millions of years of weathering and erosion, the colors can change like they did on the Giant’s Causeway (Basalt Columns). This is a great piece of evidence about the natural formation of the Giant’s Causeway.

There are also many myths about the formation of the Giant’s Causeway. The most popular myth is that Finn McCool, an Irish giant, heard Scottish soldiers yelling insults across the channel. Finn began to throw pieces of earth into the ocean so that he could make a bridge to Scotland. After completing the bridge, he grew very tired and he needed to sleep. Before he went to sleep, he told his wife to dress him up as a baby. She did, and then when the invaders from Scotland came over, they saw Finn dressed up as the baby. The Scottish soldiers saw the vast size of the so-called baby and saw that he was a giant and they wondered about the size of his father. They fled before they could find out. When they retreated back to Scotland, they destroyed the rest of the bridge so the giant could not follow them (McGarry).

According to Voices from the Dawn, who are experts on tertiary stone structures state that after growing interest in the Giant’s Causeway, The Giant’s Causeway Company won a case that allowed them to fence in the area and charge people and tourists to come see the area (The Giants Causeway). People are allowed to step on some of the pillars in a fenced in area as well as to see the great natural wonder. The company helps to preserve the area keeping the natural wonder intact. This has been a huge fundraiser for Ireland. This is a tourist attraction that is second to none other in the world because of the uniqueness as well as interesting nature of the pillars. 

Photo by Christopher Hill, National Geographic, 2013

Works Cited

“Basalt Columns.” The Stone Store. The Stone Store.com, 17 September 20013. Web. 14 October 2013.

Hill, Christopher. Giant’s Causeway. N.d. Photograph. National Geographic. nationalgeographic.com. Web. 15 October 2013.

McGarry, Gerard. “The Giant’s Causeway and the Legend of Finn McCool.” The Northern Ireland Guide. The Northern Ireland Guide, 5 November 2007. Web 17 October 2013.

"The Giant’s Causeway” Voices from the Dawn. Voices from the Dawn, n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.

Links for further research:
The Giants Causeway and Causeway Coast:http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/369

Formation of the Giant’s Causeway:http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/giants-causeway/history/

Formation of Basalt Columns
http://giantcrystals.strahlen.org/europe/basalt.htm

The Giant’s Causeway

Author: Emily Johnson

Legends about how strange landmarks came to be, how things are the way they are, and some just for fun. Irish legends range from the ridiculous to the astounding Giant’s Causeway located on the North coast of Ireland is a chain of interlocking basalt columns with a legend a colorful as Ireland itself.  From the 1700's it became widely known as the 'Eighth Natural Wonder of the World' and visitors began to come in increasing numbers to see the wonderful array of over 40,000 basalt columns. (“Causeway Coastal Route”)

One of the famous legends about the Causeway says that a giant by the name of Finn McCool created the causeway to fight a Scottish giant.  The legendary giant Finn McCool was on the coast and spotted a rival Scottish giant named Benandonner, and issued fighting words at him. Benandonner said he would crush Finn if he could get to Ireland, but he could not swim. Throwing chunks of the mountainside into the sea Finn made a walkway out of the rocks so that they could fight. Traveling over the causeway to Scotland he was frightened when he saw how big the Scottish giant was. He ran back home afraid although the Scottish giant saw him and followed him back to Ireland over the causeway. Finn was terrified and ran to his wife Oonagh for help.

His wife was a smart woman and came up with the idea of dressing him as a baby and putting him in a crib to fool Benandonner. Although some of the versions of the legend say that Finn was the one to come up with the idea, because he was tired and didn’t want to fight Benandonne. Although no matter what version of the legend is told Benandonner does come from Scotland to fight Finn. Finn’s wife tells Benandonner that Finn was not there. Benandonner sees the baby crib and went to go look at the “baby”. He was shocked at how big the baby was and stuck his finger into the crib. Finn bit off Benandonner’s finger and the giant became extremely terrified, for if the baby could do something like that then what could the father do? Benandonner ran away in fear, terrified for his life. As Benandonner ran back to Scotland he destroyed the Causeway all the way back.    

The Causeway’s creation is speculated by many people, they have different ideas on it. The geological view is that three levels of lava outflow. The second idea is that the causeway was created by humans, it is said it’s been derived from the Finn McCool story. The third idea is that it was created by God as he made the earth. The legend is my favorite story of how the Causeway came to be, it’s much more exciting. 

Giants Causeway Visitors Centre - The Myth of Finn McCool from The Pond Studio on Vimeo.

The Giant’s Causeway is visit-able and is open to the public, for a charge. The causeway brings people from around the world to view the cliffs and the strange causeway. The legend captivates people and draws them into the Irish legend, who doesn’t like to believe a tale about strange stones? I sure like the Giant’s legend more than the other tales; it has a lot more excitement and fantasy. Everyone needs a good legend in their lives.

Works Cited:

McGarry, Gerard. “The Giant’s Causeway and the Legend of Finn McCool.” The Northern Ireland Guide. N.P. 05. November. 2007. Web. 18. October. 2012.

“How it was formed.” Causeway Coastal Route. Art Ward.2008. Web. 18.October.2012

The Pond Studio. “The Myth of Finn McCool.” Vimeo. July 2012. Web. 18 Ocrotber.2012.

“Causeway Coast and Glens.”Causeway Coast and Glens. 2010. Web. 18.October.2012

Richardson, Jim. “Giant’s Causeway.” Photograph. NationalGeographic.com. Web. 18.October.2012.

Further Research:

Causeway Coastal Route

http://www.causewaycoastalroute.com/index.php/giants-causeway-website

The site contains all kinds of helpful information about the Giant’s Causeway.

Jump into Ireland

http://blog.discoverireland.com/2011/01/irish-myths-and-legends/

The site contains the Giant’s Causeway legend but also other really cool Irish legends.

BallyCastle

http://www.ballycastle.info/places/causeway/causeway.htm

This site contains plenty of information on the Giant’s Causeway it includes the legend which is great.